Erp Project Oracle vs Asap

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Project Students name: Registration number: Course: Date: Table of Contents ABSTRACT3 INTRODUCTION5 VENDOR OVERVIEW8 INTRODUCTION8 SAP8 ORACLE9 BUSINESS FUNCTIONS13 Production14 Sales14 Support services15 External services15 BUSINESS FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY ORACLE AND SAP16 TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM FROM SAP AND ORACLE19 COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SAP AND ORACLE20 EASE OF USE22 ERP MODULES23 Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics23 Oracle database 11g enterprise edition24 VENDOR SELECTION27 ERP DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE28 SCOPE AND COMMITMENT STAGE28 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN29 ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGE30IMPLEMENTATION STAGE30 OPERATIONAL STAGE30 Bibliography31 ABSTRACT Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a system that integrates all the internal and external functional units of an organization, the functional units may be manufacturing, finance, storage, management, transport, customer satisfaction etc. in order to integrate all the organizationâ₠¬â„¢s functional unit into a flawless and harmonious system, computer software have been developed by different vendors, these software may be custom made for a particular organization or they may be general for use by any organization (Jerferson, 2010).ERP systems are put in place to improve on the efficiency of information management of the organization, all the data from the different units of the organization are managed by the software and is usually stored in a central location called a server, the server may be physically located in the organization or it may be a virtual one on the internet, the virtual serve uses a technology called cloud computing.The ERP system normally contains modules that are specialized sub-systems that are task-oriented, these modules include human resource, production planning, financial planning, quality management, materials management, sales and distribution, maintenance, controlling, asset management, project management and industry solutions. T he ERP software are developed and sold by vendors under different levels, the highest level is the large Enterprise ERP tier I which include vendors such as SAP, Oracle and Microsoft, this level is for larger enterprises with complex communication protocols between so many functional units.The second level is the midmarket ERP tier II which include vendors such as Infor, QAD, Lawson, sage and IFS, these ERP software are suitable for medium companies that have average complexity in terms of information management. The last level is the small business ERP tier III, vendors of these ERP systems include Exact Globe, Syspro, NetSuite and Visibility, ERP software in this are suitable for small businesses with simple information management systems (Jerferson, 2010).In this project, a detailed analysis of a hypothetical university’s information management system is made, and then an ERP software will be selected from one of the two vendors, SAP or Oracle. The selection will be based on the steps of the ERP development life cycle, the cycle will involve all the standard phases of an ERP development life cycle. The major activities of the university include provision of education, research activities and community service. The functional units of the university include the academics affairs, inance department, staff administration, medical services, marketing and public relations, central store, catering, students welfare and quality assurance. The project will analyze the software modules that are provided by Oracle and SAP, a detailed investigation on the suitability of the two will also be made, and then one of them will be selected for use as the university’s ERP system. This selection will be based on facts and will be as systematic as the ERP development cycle.INTRODUCTION There are several ERP vendors in the global market, each is fighting to be the dominant brand, and as a result, stiff competition between the vendors is taking place. Each vendor i s engineering better ERP software to attract the customer’s attention and fulfill their needs, some of the vendors are SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Lawson, sage and IFS. In this project, the two most dominant vendors in the market will be analyzed, these are SAP and Oracle.The two vendors had a total market share of 55% between the year 2005 and 2009, and they have developed a wide range of products that are tailored to suit several organizations, be it military, government or industrial (Jerferson, 2010). SAP and Oracle are both in the large enterprise tier I category and they have mainly designed products to suit this segment of the market, however, nowadays they are developing ERP software for midmarket tier II. The project will take a hypothetical university as a case study, the university offers a variety of courses and has a number of campuses distributed all over the country.As part of the management policy, the university is divided into several departments that represent the business functions of a generalized organization, the departments are:- 1. Academics affairs This department deals with the core business of the university, which is provision of education, the department organizes the timetables, assigns lecturers to the different units, manages the curriculum, manages the student’s results, ensures that all the university policies are adhered to and organizes the tests and exams. 2. Central storeIn this department, they receive anything that is supplied by the suppliers. The central store also makes requisitions for general materials such as stationery, staff uniforms, sanitary consumables etc. but they don’t make orders for special materials that are specific to a certain department only such as machinery, computers, furniture etc. 3. Finance This department deals with the management and controlling of the university’s budgets, it also deals with monitoring and management of the school fees as well as the staff salaries a nd allowances.The department relies heavily on computer software to carry out its daily activities, all data is stored in a central server. 4. Students welfare The student’s wellbeing is taken care by this department, activities such as sports, festivals, parties, concerts are organized, monitored and financed by this department. 5. Human resource The recruitment of new members of staff, promotions and disciplinary procedure for misconduct of staff are all carried out by this department. The department also carries out training programs for members of staff. . Catering This department manages the catering services at the students and staff cafeterias, the department also makes orders for all the ingredients they need for preparing the food on the menu for the different days. The sales from the cafeteria are not managed by the catering department, they are managed by the finance department. 7. Medical services The student’s and health needs are meet by this department, the staff in this department include doctors, nurses and pharmacists.They treat any sick student or staff for free, but they use software to keep their data such as medical records, inventory and lab results. 8. Public relations This department deals with uplifting the university’s image, maintaining good relations with other stakeholders and promoting the university at different levels of the socioeconomic setup. 9. Other department Other smaller departments include quality assurance office, advertising department and repairs and maintenance, transport and research institute. VENDOR OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION SAPSAP AG is a software company based in Germany that makes enterprise software, the company was founded in June 1972 and was started by former IBM engineers, the company was initially called Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (â€Å"System Analysis and Program Development†) but the name was later changed to Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (â€Å"System Anal ysis and Program Development†), in 2005, the name was officially changed to SAP AG, SAP AG was included in the German stock index DAX in 1995 and was included in the Dow Jones STOXX 50 in 2003 (Leakey, 2013).Currently, SAP is the world leader in the sale of business and database software with a market share of 32%. Some of the main products of SAP are:- CATEGORY| PACKAGE NAME| Business| Analytics| | Advanced Planner And Optimizer| | Business Information Warehouse| | Portal| | Enterprise Central Component| | Governance, Risk And Compliance| | Human Resource Management Systems| | Knowledge Warehouse| | Internet Transaction Server| | Catalog Content Management| | Hana| | Supply Chain Performance Management| | Training And Event Management| | Manufacturing | | Master Data Management| | Service And Asset Management|Industry| Oil And Gas| | Healthcare| | Telecommunication| | Public Sector| | Utilities| | Retail| Small and midsize enterprises| Business One| | Business ByDesign| Other | CCMS| | Sapgui| | eCATT| | Central Process Scheduling| | Solution Manager| ORACLE Oracle is an American database and business management software company that was founded in 1977, its first name was Software Development Laboratories, in 1979 the name was changed to Relational Software Incorporation, the name was changed again in 1982 to Oracle Systems Corporation and lastly it was renamed Oracle Corporation in 1995 (Wikipedia, 2013).Oracle is ranked as the world’s third largest software maker after Microsoft and IBM by revenue, however, it is ranked second in as an ERP software maker by market share after SAP. Oracle had a market share of 23% in ERP software between 2005 and 2009 while SAP had a staggering 32% market share. Some of Oracle’s products are listed below CATEGORY| PACKAGE NAME| Applications| Oracle E-Business Suite| | Enterprise performance management| | Financial management| | Oracle fusion applications| | Oracle CRM on demand| | Customer relation manage ment| Hyperion| | JD Edwards world| | JD Edwards enterprise one| | Human capital management| | Master data management| | Primavera| | Web commerce| | Sustainability| | Procurement| | Project management| | Siebel| | Supply chain management| Database| Oracle database 11g enterprise edition| | Oracle database 11g standard edition| | Oracle database 11g standard edition one| | Active data guard| | Advanced security| | Airline data model| | Database security| | Express edition| | Label security| | MySQL| | OLAP| | Oracle database appliance| | Database vault| NoSQL database| | Secure backup| | Secure enterprise search| Engineered systems| Oracle big data appliance| | Oracle database appliance| | Oracle exadata database machine| | Oracle exalogic elastic cloud| | SPARC superCluster T4-4| | Sun ZFS storage appliance| Enterprise management| Application management| | Application performance management| | Application quality management| | Cloud management| | Database management| | Hardware man agement| | Lifecycle management| | Middleware management| | Oracle enterprise manager 12c| Java| javaFX| | Oracle JDeveloper| Java platform Micro edition| | Java platform standard edition| | Oracle java SE suite| | Netbeans IDE| | Oracle java SE support| Middleware| Application grid| | Application server| | Collaboration| | Portal| | Linux| | Developer tools| | Weblogic| | Webcenter| | SOA| | Identity management| Others| Solaris| | Servers (hardware)| | Integrated management| | Sun ray clients| | Virtual desktop infrastructure| From the list, it can be seen that Oracle makes more products than SAP, this may explain why their revenue is higher. BUSINESS FUNCTIONSBusiness functions are the routine tasks performed in order to achieve the goal of an organization. The figure below shows the business functions (LLC, 2002). These functions are similar for almost all types of organization, but in some organization some functions are totally omitted based on the products or services offered. The figure below shows the most common business functions of any organization. A brief description of the business functions is given below Production Research and development: in this level, the organization develops new products and new designs for existing products.Tests, experiments and survey are the characteristic activities of this phase, data collected from tests and experiments is stored, managed and utilized by the organization’s decision makers Production and quality: this is a major function and usually represents the biggest part of the organization in terms of human resource, at this level, the production is managed, scheduled and planned. Effective machine and staff utilization is a very important aspect in this function, the quality and production rates are controlled based on the data received from the sales and design team.Distribution and Logistics: this function deals with the supply chain, it manages the raw materials and the final products. The activiti es that fall under this function include the coordination of storage of raw and finished products, management of transport and staff who directly deal with the supply chain. Sales Sales: under this function, the relationship between the organization and its customer comes in, the sales team presents the products to the customers in a convenient and persuasive manner, the team also makes tenders, proposals, invoices etc. o the customers. The team also gives feedback to the research, development and marketing teams on the status of customer satisfaction. Marketing: the marketing department deals with promoting the products of the organization, marketing will involve managing the packaging, advertising, forecasting, budgeting, pricing and planning. Carrying out market research and survey is also a key role played under this function Support services Finance: this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations.Management of funds and budgeting are the key a ctivities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out future planning in terms of increasing the income and reducing the expenditure. Computing: the use of computers has become almost mandatory for any business, therefore, having computing support services is very important. In this category, the organization’s database, network and software are effectively managed.Human resource: it deals with recruitment of new members of staff, promotion of staff, formulation of contracts and job descriptions for the staff, training of the staff and carrying out disciplinary tasks concerning the staff. Materials: under this category, the requirements of the organization are identified and then the potential suppliers are contacted, the prices are negotiated and the purchase orders are prepared. The staffs working in this area have to closely work with the production team as well as other teams in order to ensure that all teams in the organization have the necessary materials.External services Chartered accountants: the accountants carry out audits to validate the company’s accounts, they also give advice on matters relating to tax and other issues related to the finances of the organization. Management consultants: the consultants carry out surveys on the organization’s policies, procedures, methods, governance and administration. Then they use the data from the surveys to recommend changes to the areas that have any flaws or require improvements.Recruitment agency: they carry out job interviews for recruitment purposes, they look for the necessary skills required by the organization and recommend to the human resource department a list of candidates who can best fit in the job. Advertising: in most organizations, advertising is done by the marketing team, but in large organization, a separate external body is charged with advertising the organization’s products and services. T he advertisers will propose to the management the best approach to get an edge over the competitors.Market research: this can also be done by the marketing department or by an external agency, surveys, data analysis, drawing conclusions from the analysis and formulating recommendations are the main tasks in market research. Public relations: this has recently become a very important business function for almost all organization, the public relations department uplifts and maintains the image of the organization, they answer to any inquiries made, carry out exhibitions, attend and organize conferences and also prepare press releases, brochures and newsletters.BUSINESS FUNCTIONS SUPPORTED BY ORACLE AND SAP From the list of business functions and the list of packages of the two vendors, it is easy to see that the two vendors have packages for almost all the business functions, packages such as procurement, Human capital, JD Edwards world, Master data management, Database security, Data base management etc. from oracle cover almost all the business functions. SAP also has packages that support business functions these packages included Supply Chain Performance Management, Human Resource Management Systems, Manufacturing, Business One, Central Process Scheduling etc. the table below compares the two vendors in their ability to support business functions, BUSINESS FUNCTION SUPPORTED| SAP| ORACLE|Research and development| * Master Data Management * Central Process Scheduling * Analytics * Solution Manager| * Project management * Master data management, Advanced security * Active data guard * Application management * Database management * Collaboration * Identity management| Production and quality| * CCMS * Business One * Utilities * Manufacturing * Advanced Planner And Optimizer| * Integrated management * Hardware management * Lifecycle management * Application performance management * Oracle exalogic elastic cloud * Database security * Siebel| Distribution and Logist ics| * Central Process Scheduling * Service And Asset Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management| * Central Process Scheduling * Service And Asset Management * Supply Chain Performance * Management * Catalog Content Management| Sales| * Business ByDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * Portal * Internet Transaction Server| * Business ByDesign * Retail * Master Data Management * Portal * Internet Transaction Server| Marketing| * Training And Event Management * Analytics| * Application quality management * Project management * Enterprise performance management| Finance| * Enterprise Central Component * Internet Transaction Server * Master Data Management * Service And Asset Management * Business One * Business ByDesign| * JD Edwards world * Financial management * Oracle E-Business Suite * Web commerce * MySQL * Oracle database appliance * Database vault * Database management| Human resource| * Human Resource Management Systems * Training And Ev ent Management| * Human capital management| TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM FROM SAP AND ORACLE Technology platform refers to the ability to create or edit a software on an existing or future system, different ERP vendors have platforms that support their range of products and even their rivals products, this helps in allowing the customer to purchase a mixture of products from the same vendor or from two or more vendors. The table below shows the technology platforms of the two vendors SAP| Oracle| Sapgui * NetWeaver * Enterprise Workspaces * Cloud * SAP StreamWork * Mobility * Sybase Unwired Platform * Sybase Afaria * Project Gateway * Duet Enterprise * In-Memory Computing | * Virtual desktop infrastructure * Developer tools * Linux * Portal * Application grid * Oracle java SE support * Netbeans IDE * Java platform standard edition * Java platform Micro edition * Oracle JDeveloper * javaFX * Application server * Collaboration| The table below shows the technology platform of the two In terms of the operating systems they support and other platforms. SAP| ORACLE| * Windows * Open Source * Web Based * Linux| WindowsLinuxUnix| COST COMPARISON BETWEEN SAP AND ORACLEThe total cost of implementing an ERP project is the total amount paid to put the system in place, it involve the purchase of the system, the cost of implementing the changes required for the system to work and the salaries and wages of the personnel who work in the system. In term of the initial cost, SAP has a higher price than Oracle, SAP has maintained their high billing rates because their focus is mainly on larger enterprises, so the price seems unreasonable for small and medium enterprises, and therefore, most customer rank SAP as the most expensive (Jerferson, 2010). However, SAP has the lowest average cost overrun at about 8% over budget but Oracle had the highest cost overrun at about 15%, which is almost double that of SAP.The payback period for SAP is 13 months while that of Oracle stands at 11 months (Jerferson, 2010). According to a research conducted by Panorama consulting group, the project cost for the two vendors were as depicted on the graph below It can be seen that the two normally go beyond the anticipated budget (at 53. 6% SAP, 52. 6% Oracle) suggesting that the budgeted cost for ERP projects are likely to be less than the actual budget by an average of 53. 1% (Jerferson, 2010). The tables below were extracted from Nucleus Research and they were comparing the costs of SAP and Oracle (Jerferson, 2010). EASE OF USE The ease of use of an ERP system can be compared by looking at the customer’s satisfaction after purchasing the software. 2% of SAP’s customers were satisfied while 74% of Oracle’s customer were satisfied, this indicates that Oracle’s software are easier to use than SAP’s software but the margin between the two was very close (Jerferson, 2010). ERP MODULES The two modules were selected from Oracle, and they are Oracleâ€℠¢s Financial Management Analytics This module provides the top financial management team with a good insight into the status of the financial department and the financial results, it offers a unified solution that can be deployed quickly and contains packaged dashboards and analytics tools that help give a quick insight into the status of the financial system.This module supports the financial business function, finance involves a lot of staff and workload, and the staffs carry out routine tasks that can be repeated daily, weekly, semi-annually or annually. These records are often kept in files and this poses a huge challenge when the top management needs a quick insight or review into the results. Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics automates this system and maintains the records in a database system so that they can be accessed easily. The working principle of Analytics is depicted in the figure below (Oracle, 2012). The key features of Analytics are shown in the table below FEATURE| DESCRIPTION| Executive View| Gross Profit By Region, Income By Region, Net Cash Flow| Process Management| Metrics, Trend Analysis, Overall/Entity Status|Financial Close Schedule Summary| Summary, Graphs, Milestones, Compensation| Performance Indicators| Ratios Year On Year Comparison Table, Ratio Components, Ratio Trend Analysis| Profit And Loss| Summary Income Statement, Variance Analysis, Trend Profit And Loss| Gross Profit| Variance Analysis, Gross Profit By Product, Trend Gross Profit| Balance Sheet| Consolidating Balance Sheet, Metrics, Variance Analysis, Trend Balance Sheet| Cash Flow| Cash Flow Summary, Consolidation, Variance Analysis| Current Analysis| Variance Analysis| This module supports the finance business function, this is a key function in any organization, even for non-profitable organizations.Management of funds and budgeting are the key activities in this function, the finance department records the incomes and expenditures of the organization and carries out future planning in terms of increasing the income and reducing the expenditure. Oracle database 11g enterprise edition Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition is a database management software that is suitable for small and medium sized enterprises, this module manages all the data in the organization and enables all the business applications to benefit from the performance, reliability, security and scalability of Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition (Wikipedia, 2013). Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition supports all standard data types such as XML, Text, Documents, Images, Audio, Video and Location data.Access to data is via standard interfaces such as SQL, JDBC, SQLJ, ODBC . NET, OLE . NET and ODP . NET, SQL/XML and Xquery, and WebDAV. It also has some analytical tools for modeling in SQL-based systems (Wikipedia, 2013). The figure below shows the working principle of Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition. DATA STORE PROCESS DA TA STORE USER USER PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS DATA STORE USER USER PROCESS DATA STORE PROCESS This module support several business functions, for example it supports the sales, finance, logistics, human resource management, production etc. by keeping all the relevant data in a secure and organized manner for easy access and retrieval when needed.The two selected modules can perfectly fit in the university’s operation. The university has a finance department which deals with the management and controlling of the university’s budgets, it also deals with monitoring and management of the school fees as well as the staff salaries and allowances. The department relies heavily on computer software to carry out its daily activities. Oracle’s Financial Management Analytics can be used to manage the finance department of the university. Oracle’s database 11g enterprise edition can be used to manage all the university data including the studentâ⠂¬â„¢s results, past and present exams, e-books, financial records, hospital records, timetables etc. VENDOR SELECTIONThe preferred vendor is Oracle, this is because, they are cheaper compared to SAP, the payback period is shorter than that of SAP and their customers enjoy higher rates of satisfaction. In addition, Oracle has better customer services than SAP and has a wider range of products to choose from than SAP. The domain of the organization under study did affect the choice, the university is a service provider and not a manufacturing organization, hence, some of the modules needed in the manufacturing domain may not be needed by the service providing university. The size also affected the choice of the vendor, the university can be considered as a big enterprise with branches (campuses) in different regions, thus a powerful tier I ERP system would be required to manage the university. A customized version ofERP will be the most appropriate for use in the university, this is because, the university is a unique enterprise with unique types of data management protocols, some data can be accessed by a few authorized users while other types of data should be available for every user, the levels of authority in the university are different from those in other service providing enterprises. Therefore, a great deal of customization will be required if a successful ERP system is to be implemented, this is nevertheless, an expensive option since customized ERP system cost more and take longer to implement. ERP DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE The ERP development life cycle can be summarized in a flowchart below (Motiwalla, 2010).SCOPE AND COMMITMENT STAGE This is the first stage of the cycle and it entails carrying out a feasibility study to determine whether the ERP system will actually work and if it works (Motiwalla, 2010), will it benefit the university. In addition to this, the university will develop the scope of the implementation based on the resources and time re quirements. Then the characteristics of the ERP implementation are defined to determine what features should be included in the ERP and the customization it may need, the top management’s commitment becomes very important at this stage and the short and long term vision for the new ERP system are formulated.Once this has been done, the suitable vendor is selected based on criterions such as price, reliability, payback period, customer support etc. The scope and commitments required at this stage include: * Gap analysis: an evaluation of the functions provided by the proposed ERP system is made and a comparison between the functions it can perform and the required functions is also made * Physical scope: the number of users who will use the system, the location where the system will be implemented and the sites that will be addressed are considered at this point * BPR scope: at this level, the users, department and sites affected are identified, the current processes are looke d at to see if any changes will e required to implement the system * Technical scope: evaluate the ERP system to establish if there are any modifications to be done on the system * Resource scope: the time and money allocated to the project are determined at this point * Implementation scope: the actual implementation is considered to determine which modules will be implemented and the link with the existing system ANALYSIS AND DESIGN At this stage, the ERP system is designed by the appointed teams, the user requirements are established, and the differences between the current business process and the ERP are identified and accommodated in the design (Motiwalla, 2010).Conversion of the data and the system is done at this point so that the new system is linked with the old one, a change in the management plan is also formulated to ensure successful implementation of the ERP system. Training of the staff on how to use the new system is also done at this stage. ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPM ENT STAGE The software is purchased from the vendor and the license is paid for as well, tasks identified in the gap analysis are executed at this stage, the changes in the management are also implemented to allow for the proper functionality of the new ERP, the old data is transferred to the new system and finally the security of the new system is configured. IMPLEMENTATION STAGE The purchased software is installed and implemented, the approach used in implementation can be one of the following * Phased * Pilot * Parallel * Big bangEach of these approaches has its pros and cons, but for our case, the best approach would either be phased or parallel because these two would give the staff and the students enough time to adapt to the new system. OPERATIONAL STAGE This is the final stage of the cycle, the project team officially hands over the system to the university, the university will own the system and shall be responsible for managing new releases, installation of the patches and upgrades and renewal of contracts and licenses with the vendor. Bibliography Jerferson, D. (2010). Battle of the Titans: SAP vs ORACLE. Denver: Panorama Consulting Group. Leakey, J. (2013, February 21). SAP AG. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SAP_AG LLC, A. P. (2002). Business Etiquette. London: ILT. Mereddy, R. (2011).SAP basis Administration Handbook. New Dehli: McGraw-Hill. Motiwalla, L. F. (2010). Enterprise System for Management. New Jersey: Pearson Education Incorporation. Oracle. (2012). Oracle Financial Management Analytics Data Sheet. California: Oracle Press. Research, N. (2010). TCO CASE STUDY: SAP VERSUS ORACLE JD EDWARDS. Alabama: Nucleus REsearch Incorporation. SAP. (2013, February 19). SAP Home Page. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from SAP: http://www. sap. com/index. epx Wang, J. (2011). Oracle Database 11g. New York: Oracle Press. Wikipedia. (2013, February 22). Oracle corporation. Retrieved February 22, 2013, from Wikipedi a: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation

Act 3, Scene 4 provides a great opportunity for visual spectical Essay

QUESTION. Act 3, Scene 4 provides a great opportunity for visual spectical. Discuss how â€Å"The Banquet Scene† has been realised on screen and consider the effectiveness of its portrayal. ANSWER. Shakespeare was born in 1564 when Elizabeth the First was Queen of England. Shakespeare did not go to university when he left school; instead, he worked. He married Anne Hathway when he was eighteen and she became the mother of his daughter, Susanna, and also of twins. Although there are many public documents concerned with his career as a writer and a businessman, Shakespeare has hidden his personal life from us. A nineteenth century poet, Matthew Arnold, addressed Shakespeare in a poem and wrote: â€Å"We ask and ask – Thou smilest, and art still†. There is not even a portrait of the world’s greatest Dramatist. I am going to look at the banquet scene, in my opinion, one of the most important scenes in â€Å"Macbeth†; it shows many sides to both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. The scene opens with the couple welcoming all the guests to their Banquet, the atmosphere is warm and jolly, and everyone is joking and enjoying themselves. The atmosphere becomes more sombre when one of Banquo’s murderers arrives with news for Macbeth. Although Banquo is â€Å"safe†, Fleance on the other hand has † ‘scap’d â€Å". Macbeth tries to â€Å"Act like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t† in front of his guests, but this does not last for long, the guilt gets the better of Macbeth and causes him to hallucinate. The Lords were all very confused, and so, Lady Macbeth tries to cover-up for her husband by telling them all that Macbeth suffers from an illness, which causes him to behave in such a manner. â€Å"Sit, worthy friends – My Lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth†. She continues by saying â€Å"The fit is momentary – upon a thought he will be well again†. The two productions I am going to look at are Roman Polanski’s 1971 Production along with Gregory Doran RSC production. In Gregory Doran’s production, Macbeth’s house resembles a prison. The front foyer is very bare, with lots of different entrances: this is trying to show us that Macbeth is imprisoned in his world of guilt. Macbeth is dressed as a soldier, which gives me the impression he is at war, maybe Doran is trying to put across the fact that Macbeth is trying to fight against all of the evil. Roman Polanski dressed Macbeth in beautiful robes; Macbeth is also wearing his crown. This makes me think Macbeth is in total control of everything. Both producers hold the Banquet in a large, dull, cold room, this symbolises the fact that Macbeth has nowhere to hide; it also creates a tense atmosphere. In Polanski’s production, Macbeth sees Banquo and he goes mad! â€Å"Avaunt! And quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee!† He continues to rant and rave at this ghost of Banquo, whom only Macbeth can see. He frightens and startles not only the lords, but also Lady Macbeth. We know this by the look of worry on her face. She then pulls her husband aside to try and help him see sense. He sees what she is trying to say and returns to normality, but this only lasts for a matter of moments, and then Macbeth resumes to his fit of madness again. Macbeth is gradually loosing control. While Macbeth moves back, Banquo continues to advance. As both men keep moving, the camera becomes Banquo. We see high angle shot of Macbeth; it seems as though Banquo is looking down upon Macbeth and that he is now the one in control. Lady Macbeth tries to make excuses for her husband’s behaviour by saying â€Å"Sit worthy friends: My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth: pray you, keep seat: the fit is momentary: upon a thought he will be well again†. We then see a long shot of the lords at the table; they all look very puzzled and confused. By this time, Macbeth is in a corner, on the ground with Banquo towering over him, he moves in closer and closer, then Banquo is cut, and Macbeth is left sitting on the ground, a trembling wreck. Gregory Doran’s RSC Production is very similar to Polanski’s. He also shows Macbeth being overpowered by Banquo. When Lady Macbeth pulls Macbeth aside to try and snap him out of his â€Å"fit†, he is unable to look her in the eye, he keeps watching the ghost of Banquo. He realises what his wife is trying to say, and so he returns to his normal self again. The way that Macbeth is changing personalities so suddenly in this scene reminds me of a schizophrenic, it’s almost as though he has some kind of mental disorder. Macbeth tries to laugh it off and composes himself. However, this only lasts for a moment. When Macbeth sees Banquo again, he drops his chalice, and the white wine spills onto the floor. This is an interesting observation because all the other products I watched used red wine, a sign of evil and danger, but white reminds me of innocence. Maybe Gregory Doran feels that Macbeth was innocent and this is why he uses white wine rather than red. He may feel it was the witches, or maybe Lady Macbeth’s influence that encouraged him to do all those evil things. Personally, I feel it was Lady Macbeth that caused him to go through with Duncan’s murder, but yet again, how many could be talked into murder without desiring it themselves?

Andrew Grove

They have tied up with search engine Google for the wireless application as an example. Basically, Intel operations are divided into two sections: the communications group, known as ICG or Intel Communications Group; and the other section consists of the Intel Architectural business. The architectural section is responsible for the production of â€Å"platform† boards that consists of chipsets and microchips, which are used in desktop processors; including the Intel Pentium 4 processor and the Celeron. On the other hand, the communications section deal mostly with the production and development of wireless technology. They are mostly concerned with flash memory and cellular base-band technology. Intel is also known for large-scale tie-ups with other firms. Example of such is their tie-up with search engine Google for development of wireless technologies. They are also know to be connected with other firms like Microsoft and Dell. However, competition has been seen to catch up on the leadership oh Intel. Recently, a lot of clamors have been heard in the recent decision of present CEO Paul Otellini unveiled his plan to ship the micro-chip corporation to another industry. While the rest had their problems with it, former CEO Andrew Grove is all praises for it. The present CEO’s vision is to generally change the image of Intel starting from what Andrew Grove practically built. Starting from the scrapping of the famous â€Å"e† trademark of the logo, the company motto and even the brand, the company has been envisioned to undergo a transformation. A lot of managers seem to be against the changing of such things that made Intel a household name. Even the logo has been widely known in all parts of the globe. Meanwhile, Andrew Grove has been vocal about his approval of the said changes. In his opinion, they are of the same line of thinking that the present CEO has, that the company really has to undergo these changes in order for the to tell the world that even Intel is adjusting to the fast-paced growth of the industry and that they, as a company, should be at equal footing with the rest of the companies in the same industry.   He further stresses that it is a imperative for the company to show that the company exhibits a show of risk-taking and result orientation, accompanied also by the value of discipline. Before, under Grove’s supervision and Craig Barrett (Grove’s successor), the company focused on the production of microprocessors and took the lead in that industry for years. They helped give birth to the Information Age by producing more microchips and therefore, producing faster computers and ending in the development of micro processing. However, what Otellini had in mind is far from the former image of Intel, considering that he even wanted to change the logo and company symbol. He wanted to venture into uncharted regions of digital health industry and that of â€Å"platform† inventions. Despite the negative views about Otellini’s decision, Analysts from outside the company have cited other views about the subject, stating the fact that sometimes, change is needed for a big company to maintain solid advantage. They also added that other companies that survived the changes maintained industry leadership, just like what happened to Texas Instruments. However, the other side notes that it is not really that advisable to change their target industry and find a niche in other markets, although they have leadership in the industry they would leave. Adding firepower to the firepower of the critics, Intel’s competitor, AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) Inc., have scored a major point against Intel as it topped the company in terms of consumption as AMD Inc rose to a higher percentage in 2003 and analysts view that it would continue to rise against Intel unless Intel releases a new competitive line of processors in the future.. In the wireless communications field, Texas Instruments and Qualcomm Inc are still standing their own ground against Intel’s advances. Also, the two companies are planning to release their own versions of the platform that they assured, would gain more shares of the market than the new Intel is trying to build a niche on. On the other hand, many people are applauding Otellini’s vision of the new Intel, stating that they have never seen so much innovation in technology with respect to their fields, especially that of medicine. Also, people have actually seen the growth of the company, showing promise for a whole variety of new plans that are underway. Not only did the plans boost company ties with other companies, but also made their partner companies believe in the new flexibility of Intel. They promoted closer ties with cellular phone conglomerates Nokia and Samsung; had present tie-ups with Google; ties with Sony and Philips; and with those ties, Intel was able to produce and release different types of innovative products. There different developments have different market reactions. Some producing great results, others not. However, analysts are right in pointing out that other companies that are industry leaders also experienced changes that looked like they are headed nowhere, although in the end, they have proven that their change would actually pay off. And now, Intel took their lead and eventually took some changes in themselves as well. The problem would be, if they can maintain the positive effects and eliminate the negative effects of the changes. As for their decision of making the company over, It is. The industry’s reaction to it seemed to treat the decision as a smart move as well. Rival AMD Inc made some deals with ATI, and this showed that Intel produced a bigger threat than before. Also, the result of other marketing strategies in the release of the new products proved that Intel can really hold its own against the rivals in the industries that they have entered. They also showed that they can maintain the leadership in their industry, and even remodeled themselves into a more serious threat than that of before. However, not all decisions solely produce good effects. The negative effects therefore should be dealt with accordingly. Otellini did not make a bad move and he assured that he would produce good results which he did, although in the process nearly humiliating the company as he suffered near losses and continue to be behind Texas Instrument in the other fields. Intel not only made a good decision externally but also made breakthrough decisions internally, taking care of their employees better and giving chances to other fields like medicine to be at the same level as that of the engineers, the firepower of Intel before. May be this was a factor in Otellini’s equation that he devised for company growth. All in all, Intel has made a remarkable shift from the way it was thirty seven years ago. It also departed from the household figure that we recognized. Although this a bold move in there part and a rather risky one considering the old model is one of the main reasons why Intel made it to the top. In Otellini’s, and now Intel’s belief, It is one risky move that was designed to maintain leadership and gain advantages in other fields that they would pursue in the future. The market and business world would have to look out as Intel’s new look is bound to stay, and so is their new outlook in the business battles. BIBLIOGRAPHIES Intel Corp. Company Profile. Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved October 26, 2006. (http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/13/13787.html) Intel Corporation. Computer Business Review Online. Retrieved October 26, 2006. (http://www.cbronline.com/companyprofile.asp?guid=E82C088A-0488-4DB5-8953-9E316C2B44D1CType=Background)

HOW HAS LUSH COSMETICS INCORPORATED THE RISING CONCERNS OF THE Essay

HOW HAS LUSH COSMETICS INCORPORATED THE RISING CONCERNS OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THEIR CORPORATE STRATEGY - Essay Example These current trends and demands in the market economy stems from the recognition of the reality that the economic realm is not separated from the entire context of the society and that its reality is deeply integrated and interwoven in all facets of the human society – economic, social, cultural, political, and environmental aspects. The aims of this paper are the following: first, is to attain a clearer understanding of corporate social responsibility. Second, is to utilise the gained understanding of corporate social responsibility in knowing how the cosmetic industry in UK in general and Lush Limited in particular are addressing the challenge of corporate social responsibility. And third, to be able to highlight the conditions with which it can be claimed that Lush Limited has responded to the challenge of corporate social responsibility. These aims are to be accomplished via conducting a survey of related literatures. Moreover, the databases Academic Search Premier, Business Search Premier, Google Scholar, and EconLit were searched using a combination of the following key terms: corporate social responsibility, sustainability. Cosmetic industry, UK cosmetic industry, Lush Limited, globalisation, the Body Shop, and toiletries. Articles written only in English and published within the period of 1990 – 2009 were included in the selection. Likewise, books, relevant websites, editorials, commentaries and case studies were also included. Correspondingly, excluded from the selections are memorandums, monographs, pamphlets and position papers. The reference list of the articles was searched to identify additional relevant publications. Furthermore, the paper is structured such that: first, what is found in Chapter I are the introduction, aim of the paper, statement of the problem, the search method, and the structure of the paper. In the second part, which is Chapter II is the survey or review of literature

Is a mandatory moment of silence in public schools constitutional Term Paper

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Specific Learning Difficulties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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Wireless and Mobile Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wireless and Mobile Technologies - Case Study Example e of this discussion is to use the case study of Delta Airlines and demonstrate the way mobile and wireless technologies can be used for attracting new customers and carrying organizational tasks as a way of improving business efficiency. Mobile technology refers to the cellular communication based on portable technology (Smyth, 2004). The technology includes the use of dial-up services and wireless protocols access to the internet. On the other hand, wireless technologies refer to all types of communications where transmission of information happens over a defined distance without the help of wires, cables or any electrical conductor (Webb, 2010). For example, Infrared wireless communication is used for data or information in devices with infrared radiation installation Mobile and wireless communication technologies are used to improve customer service in business settings. Customers can use wireless communications or mobile computing options to access customer relationship management systems. Wireless connection allows the business to update customer details from a remote location. Delta utilizes smartphone apps and Wi-Fi to create a 24-hour customer service during flights (News.delta.com, 2015). The technologies provide great flexibility in working. Mobile computing provides powerful solutions that can be accessed through a network. For example, Delta aims at creating a lasting traveling experience and updating customers about flights and ticketing through wireless and mobile platforms. Customers get information through smartphones and social media on how to book tickets and catch next flights. Mobile and wireless technologies are used to keep production or service provision problems in check (News.delta.com, 2015). Firms churn out products or offer services without any gross errors. The security and safety of Delta customers depend on how well they can track their luggage and baggage during the flight. Installation of a Wi-Fi system where customers can

Ethical Delimas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Delimas - Essay Example BP used its own business analysis about the production resources of its reserves worldwide and their depletion through â€Å"peak oil† theories, and determined that it would be innovative in investing current budgetary surplus and profits into future sectors and alternative energy. This can be seen as evidence of a 20 to 30 year future plan for the company aligned with socially progressive â€Å"Green† ideologies, yet rooted in the profit of the status quo and oil-dominated economies globally. Thus, the Green initiative of BP can be critically questioned as to its veracity of motive or construction as a marketing tool and brand, but few other companies globally have invested so much capital in Green technologies and clean, alternative energy sources. Evidence suggests that this is derived from the influence of socially progressive forces inside the publicly traded company as employees and management as the primary cause for the change in business model, though it is bas ed also in a stark view of the changes required in Western societies economically over the next twenty years. This can be seen in a lecture given by Dominic Emery of BP in London in March of 2011, where he shows how BP’s policy on renewable energy was developed out of its own research into global economic trends: â€Å"Renewables, including biofuels, are projected to account for 18% of the growth in energy to 2030 – compared to 5% of the growth since 1990 - and the rate at which renewables penetrate the global energy market is similar to the emergence of nuclear power in the 1970s and 1980s. The projected shift from higher to lower carbon energy is driven in large part by the anticipated trend of increasing policy support. So even in our base case – what we see as the most likely outcome - we see a change in the fuel mix that projects a strong future for renewables, gas and nuclear. Wind, solar, biofuels and other renewables all look set to grow their share in primary energy, from less than 2% now to over 6% by 2030. The same is true of nuclear and hydropower.The use of renewable energy will grow strongly – we believe at around 8.2% per year to 2030 which is almost four times the 2010 level by 2030.† (Emery, 2011) Focusing on cleantech and renewable energy is not simply a marketing ploy or lip-service for BP to mask its environmental destruction in oil drilling or the inordinate profits, salaries, and benefits of its executives & owners. Rather, BP has actually some of the most highly respected market analysts in the oil and gas industry looking at internal production numbers related to peak oil, and sees the development of cleantech in a society as proceeding at an accelerated rate over the next twenty years. In this business analysis, BP management decided to form a venture capital affiliate (AE Ventures) to invest profits from current operations in future business opportunities in cleantech. â€Å"AE Ventures is the strat egic corporate venture capital arm of BP Alternative Energy. The team is focusing on three investment activities: investing in highly innovative cleantech companies and funds; investing in next generation carbon offsets; incubating proprietary cleantech R&D. The team was set-up in 2006 and has since invested around $100m in 20 different cleantech and carbon ventures and funds. The aim is to invest a total of $150-200m by 2013.† (BP, 2011) An excellent example of this is the company’

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The time growing mostly cotton Essay And has a very caring side to her. Cassie is the main character and the narrator of the story and we see how black people in the book lived like through her eyes. She is very loyal to her family and sticks up for Little Man when me is told off for stamping on his book. She gives the book back to Miz Crocker. I turned around. Miz Crocker I said I dont want my book either so little mad wouldnt think that he was the only one with the same feeling. Cassie is a rebellious girl and doesnt try to blend in with the crowd. She doesnt chant along with the others in the class. After the sabotage of the bus Cassie is very scared for the safety of her family if the whites found out that it was then that did it, through the we see how scared the blacks got when they had done something bad or wrong to the whites. Stacey is the oldest child of the family and is one of the most featured in the first four chapters. We learn a lot about his views on the world and his way of living. He is very honest above all else and despises cheating. He rejects T. J. s plea to help him get the questions on the big history test that was coming up see, if you were smart like me Stacey, youd use that old brain of yours to get the questions on the big test. Stacey doesnt even have to say a word for the answer to become known. Stacey cast a annoyed look at T. J. but didnt speak. Shows his determination not to cheat. But he does have a very bad temper and when T. J. frames him for cheating he goes down to the Wallaces and has a fight with him. He is very protective of his younger brothers and sister. And when they are splashed by the bus he works out a plan to sabotage the bus. He is independent minded and doesnt really care if he is told the latest gossip from T. J. Now this kind of information aint for the ears of you little kids so I shouldnt even tell yall Then dont said Stacey The Logans as a family have lots of values of which they all stand for which are, Honesty, Pride, Hardworking and Independent. The Wallaces are the local shop owners and they are the ones that lend the goods on credit. They share the typical white view of that time, that whites were better than blacks, and the Wallaces were one of the familys that took there own actions against the blacks, they were members in the Klu Klux Klan and they were responsible for the burnings of the berry men. For enjoyment the Wallaces like to laugh at the Blacks that go there to drink, smoke and dance and they really like it when whites fight amongst themselves. Harlan Granger is a very rich white land owner. His family used to own the plantations back when slavery was legal in the south. He is the main owner of the land around there and nearly all the sharecroppers worked on his land. He was the one who backed the credit at the Wallace store. He dreams of the time when he will have as much land as his family previously had. He pressures the Logans to sell their land to him. Jeremy is a white boy in the story, but unlike the rest of the whites in the book Jeremy wants to be friend with the Logan children but they reject him. He doesnt think of himself as better that the Logans and he never got the bus no matter what the weather was like. He takes allot of stick for trying to be friendly with the Logans. Mr Morrison is Mr Logans friend. They met on the railroads. Mr Morrison was sacked from his job on the rail roads and hadnt been able to get any work for months. So Mr Logan decided to hire him as a handy-man but he also hired him to help protect the family. He is a very big and strong man, the children refer to him when they first see him for the first time as big as a tree. When the Knight Riders come to the farm, he is standing in the field with a shotgun ready if they start any trouble. He also explains to Stacey after the fight with T. J.that he isnt going to tell mama about the fight but is going to let Stacey do it, this shows his trust in him. T. J Avery is Staceys best friend. But is starting to lose his way. He tries to cheat on the big history test and when then he is about to get caught he passes the notes to Stacey and Stacey gets caught. He often goes up to the Wallace store and always triesto get out of hard work by not being around. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

The Competitive Strategies Of Coca Cola Economics Essay

The Competitive Strategies Of Coca Cola Economics Essay This paper is discussing about the economic market structure, especially for imperfect competition market which are monopolistic competition market and oligopoly market. There will be explanations about definition, characteristics, and examples of monopolistic competition market and oligopoly market. There is Dunkin Donuts Inc. for the monopolistic competition market and Coca Cola Co. for the oligopoly market. This paper also will discuss about competitive strategies of Coca Cola. Introduction In economy study, people know that there are view types of market in the existence. These market types are differentiated according to number / distribution of firm(s) in the market. According to Sloman Norris (2002), there are four types of market structures in the practice, which are perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition, oligopoly markets. Perfect competition market is a market with the most sellers and buyers in transaction. In this type of market, the products that provided are mostly homogenous. To get in into this market, there are no barriers. Both of the buyers and sellers is price taker (OSullivan et al, 2008), so in this market price is not the factor that could affect the sales, instead of it service is much more attractive. Monopoly market is a market with a single firm that provide product that has no close-substitutes. This condition clearly shows that this type of firm has power that will allow them as the price maker, since there are no close-substitutes that can be chosen by consumer to replace the use of the service or goods provided by the firm. In this monopoly market there is entry barriers such as patent, government policy, etc. Perfect competition and monopoly market are the extreme condition in market. The other two market structures which are monopolistic competition and oligopoly market is more common type of market that we can see in the real life situation if they are compared to perfect competition and monopoly market. This paper will discuss more on imperfect competition market that are the including the monopolistic competition market and the oligopoly market, which are more relevance to the practice with the relevance and appropriate examples. Contents Theory Monopolistic Competition Market Monopolistic competition was developed by an American economist named Edward Chamberlin in 1930s (Sloman Norris 2002). Monopolistic is a type of monopoly market; there are quite number of firms running in the industry, but they produce a differential product which distinguish them from other. In monopolistic market, a firm is independence; means that firm in this market are hardly affected with their competitors act or decision, or vice versa (Sloman Norris 2002). Firms in the monopolistic market are offering their products through different things from their competitors; appearance, levels, technology, quality, price, etc. These differentiations of product are also known as Product differentiation (Parkin,2000). There are no entry barriers to get in into this monopolistic competition market. Barrier such as patent or government regulation is not applicable in this market (OSullivan et al, 2008). According to Parkin (2000), firms have the free entry and exit in monopolistic market. Normally if the condition of this market is highly profitable there will be a positive signal that invite numbers of firm to come in and the distribution of profit will be divided to the firms in market, but when they performance of market is low, there will be number of firm as well leaving this market. The below tables show monopolistic market in profit and loss time (Case Fair, 2008): However, in the long run there will be no super abnormal profit for firms in monopolistic market, since because of the signaling, firms are freely enter and exit from the market. Here is the long term condition graph (Case Fair, 2008): Oligopoly Market Oligopoly is a term that derived from the term of the Greeks which are oligos meaning little or few and polein meaning to sell. Oligopoly refers to a market where there are only few firm running the business in the field. (Tucker, 2005). Not the same with monopolistic, to enter into oligopoly market is not easy to be done, since oligopoly market has the entry barrier as monopoly market (Sloman Norris 2002). According to OSullivan et al (2008), government has intervention in this market, making sure there is no bunch of firms operating in the oligopoly industry by issuing controller such as patent and business licenses. Besides that, firms in oligopoly market are majority competing also by advertising campaign. The expenditure budget for advertising in this market is very high. Not similar with monopolistic competition market, oligopoly market is interdependent. The decision that made by firm that operating in oligopoly will affect the other firms that operating in the same market. In this market there will be no firm that does not consider the action taken by their rival. Most of the companies in oligopoly firm compete through non-price competition. By practicing non-price competition, each oligopolist create barrier for competitors to combat an important product improvement. Here are some examples of non-price competition (Riley, 2006): Free deliveries and installation Extended warranties for consumers and credit facilities Longer opening hours (e.g. supermarkets and petrol stations) Branding of products and heavy spending on advertising and marketing Extensive after-sales service Expanding into new markets or diversification of the product range In oligopoly market, the graph of demand will shows a kinked curve. The kinked demand curve model happen because of two assumptions that made in oligopoly market, which are: If a firm rising the selling price, the other firms remain (not follow to increase the price) If a firm cutting the selling price, the other firms will follow to cut down their selling price as well Kinked demand curve in monopolistic market (Anonymous, n.d) Oligopoly market has a tendency to thinks what is their competitor reaction to their new policies. To examine this oligopolist behavior can be done with the Game Theory. Game Theory is a study to analyze the strategic behavior depends on the reaction of the competitor into the new policies (Sloman Norris 2002). As outlined by Samuelson and Nordhaus (2005), some general findings of game theorist in the area of imperfect competition are: As the number of non-cooperative oligopolists becomes large, industry price and quantity tend toward the perfectly competitive outcome. If firms decide to collude rather than compete, the market price and quantity will be close to those generated by monopoly. But experiments suggest that as the number of firms increases, collusive agreements become more difficult to police and the frequency of cheating and non-cooperative behavior increases. In many situations, there is no stable equilibrium for oligopoly. Strategic interplay may lead to unstable outcomes as firms threaten, bluff, start price wars, capitulate to stronger firms, punish weal opponents, signals their intentions, or simply exit from the market. In this Game Theory, there is also a term called Prisoners Dilemma that illustrate the difficulties in maintaining a cooperation (Mankiw, 2004). According to Parkin (2000), there are 3 things that need to be paid attention in Game Theory, which are rules, strategies and payoffs. The game theory will be illustrated as following: A and B are caught stealing a car, both of them were interrogated by the polices and they will sentence for 2 years in prison. The police suspect that A and B is involved in recent robbery, but they have no evidence to prove it. Rules: A and B were put in different cabin, each told they are suspected involve in robbery. If both of them confess they did it, they will sentence into 3 years prison, however if one of them confess and the other one does not, the first one will only sentence for 1 year prison and the other one 10 years. Strategies: the possible action that can be taken by A and B are , Confess or denied they involved in the robbery. Payoffs: because there are two players and two strategies, there are four possible outcomes, which are: Both confess, both denied, A confesses B denies, and B confesses A denies. 10 Years 1 Year 2 Years 2 Years 3 Years 3 Years 1 Year 10 Years Prisoners Dilemma Payoffs Matrix (Parkin 2000) Company in Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Market Monopolistic competition market can be entered easily, even though there are many competitors in the industry competing in it. Food and beverage industry is also included in monopolistic competition market. In example Starbucks, McD, KFC, and Dunkin donuts are well known in the franchise business in food and beverage industry. Dunkin donuts is a beverage industry firm that provides donuts and the regular coffee. Founded in 1950, today Dunkin Donuts is the No. 1 retailer of hot and iced regular coffee-by-the-cup in America (Miranda, n.d.). In beverage industry like Dunkin donuts we can see there is quite numbers of firms are operating in the same industry such as Krispy Kreme, Starbucks, etc. Each of these companies has their own characteristic that differentiate them with their competitors; such as Krispy Kreme is more concentrating in the production of donuts, while Starbucks are providing more various blended coffee. However, Dunkins donut also has its own characteristic which is providing the regular coffee with the delicious donuts or cakes. According to Miranda (n.d.), Dunkin Donuts in Florida are doing very well and doing better than the other franchises in other states. Dunkin Donuts sells 52 different donuts and more than a dozen coffee beverages as well as bagels, breakfast sandwiches, and other baked beverages. Dunkin donuts is having a powerful market position. It has become the No.1 in regular hot coffee sales, No.1 in bagels, No.1 in donuts and No.3 in breakfast sandwiches, and Dunkin donut is developed with a strong and profitable franchise business model (Goumas, 2006). There is no entry barrier for those firms that wanted to come into beverage market, such as J.Co in Malaysia; its a new comer in the beverage industry. For Oligopoly market there is Coca Cola Co. which is leading in the carbonated beverage industry for years. There are only a few producers in carbonated beverage, this makes carbonated beverage industry included in oligopoly market. Coca Cola Co. are included in oligopoly market, even though in the real life there is quite a lot carbonated drinks available (which can be categorized into monopolistic competition), such as FN in Malaysia. But in the practice, these carbonated beverages industries were dominated by Coca Cola Co. and Pepsi Co. for decades, this beverage industry become oligopoly. Thus, for the smaller firm such as FN in beverage industry has their sales in a little share and cannot be compared to the sales of Coca Cola and Pepsi. The main rival of Coca Cola is Pepsi Co., which has been decades competing in the Coke industry. In the carbonated soft drink industry today, Coco-Cola dominated 43.7% of the market, followed by PepsiCo. occupied 31.6% and Cadbury-Schweppes 15.8% (In January 1999, the smallest oligopolist Cadbury Schweppes PLC, sold part of its international business to Coca-Cola Co.) ( oligopolywatch.com, 2005). The branding and advertisement effort for Coca Cola and Pepsi are also competitive and they have their own characteristic. For Pepsi, they always hire well-known artist such as Britney Spears, Beyonce and Pink to advertise their Pepsi Coke. In the other side, Coca Cola always use a creative advertisement. They never stop their advertisement, even though they know that both of them is the leader in the industry, because they never want to lose to one another. From the number of firms in the market, the tendency that firms can go in into market and the branding advertisement effort, makes the carbonated beverage industry become an oligopoly market rather than monopolistic competition market. Competitive Strategies of Coca Cola Co. Advertisement and Sponsorship Consider the long-running Coke-Pepsi feud, both Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo. are trying to made a useful foil for advertising, and company created product distinctions during the competition. During the Beijing Olympic in 2008, again Coca Cola has been the official partner for this event in past 80 years. For Coca Cola there is never too early to do promotion, it proven by the launching of limited edition Coca Cola Olympic edition with various languages (Baar, 2008). In December 2008, Coca Cola running a new mobile marketing campaign in Germany and also they did advertise in television that showing the Coca-Cola truck driving through a snowy landscape. (Khan, 2008). Expand in Market and Product Range Recently, Coca Cola put more effort in expanding their production in China. Coca Cola Co. has built 2 production plant in the less developed central and west China (The Coca Cola Company Press, 2009). Since Pepsi sales compare to Coca Cola sales in China is larger, Coca Cola does not stop expanding their target which is China market. Coca Cola Co. has variety products which have been introduced as the needs of the customer. As stated in The Coca Cola Company Press (2009), Coca Cola has more than 3,000 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages, our variety spans the globe. Keep Innovative and Efficient over the Long Run Oligopolistic competition is proved to be beneficial, because it provides continuous improvement, and ensures that managements would keep their organizations innovative and efficient over the long run. Argued by Zachary (1999), market leaders need challengers to keep them on their toes. According to Weier (2009), Coca Cola Company plant to lunch out Freestyle drink dispenser, in the US nationwide. This dispenser have the concept of fulfill customer choice to new heights, the most interesting aspect is the technology its built on. Cutting Price By doing innovation such as lunch out Freestyle drink dispenser, it will help Coca Cola Company to do price cutting. Freestyle will become Cokes front-line robotic army for business intelligence, sending massive amounts of consumption data back to the beverage companys Atlanta headquarters. The dispensers collect data on what customers are drinking and how much, and transmit that information each night over a private network to data warehouse system in Atlanta. Unique byproduct of this BI enabled dispenser is that Coke can try out new flavors and get back almost real time feedback on the viability of its success.   It will no longer have to ensemble Customer focus group and try it out in a lab.   The real world becomes the lab and the marketing department at Coke can watch consumers vote yea or nay on the viability of new product instantaneously.   This not only improves the speed of feedback but also makes the entire test marketing process cheaper.   Conclusion There is perfect competition market and imperfect competition market. Perfect competition markets are including perfect competition and monopoly market. However, imperfect competition markets are monopolistic competition market and oligopoly. From the overall analysis, it shows that the oligopoly is the most difficult competitive structure to evaluate than other market structures, because the intensity of competition is high whereby oligopolists battle for market share. Each and every move by a player attracts retaliation. And many market structures tend towards being an oligopoly as time progresses. In oligopoly market effort such as branding, advertising, business expansion is very core. Since the price battle cannot be done in oligopoly market, a firm must be able to make moves in non-price battle. To gain the competitive advantages in the long run, Coca Cola need to take care about their advertisement and sponsorship program, developing the research and development, keep expanding their market; specially the location where Pepsi Co. gain more sales compare to Coca Cola. Coca Cola Company is one of the successful firms in oligopoly market, their effort to be existence in the market has leaded them to the top of beverage market until now.

The Pros and Cons of Teaching Sex Education in Public Schools Essay

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Picture a young couple being on the verge of exploring their sexual desires for the first time. The question is does this young couple have the proper education to make this life changing decision? They most likely were given their education from the school they attend. Hopefully the school taught them what they needed to know to make such a decision. Should sex education be taught at school by teachers or by the parents? Problems with having sex education at school There are many problems with having sex education in public schools. Religion plays an important part to the topic of sex education. Some parents feel that if the school gets to speak to their children about sex before they do, than important things about their religion will be left out of the discussion. If their religion says not to have premarital sex, then that child doesn't need to learn the proper way to put on a condom, where to go to get birth control pills, or anything about abortion. None of this information is going to be needed because the child of the family who uses religion as a guideline for everyday life. These children don't need their heads filled with what isn't important in their religion. According to the Web page SIECUS, parents are-and ought to be-the primary sexuality educators of their children. From the moment of birth, children learn about love, touch, and relationships. Infants and toddlers receive sexuality education through example when their parents ta lk to them, dress them, show affection, play with them, and teach them the names of the parts of their bodies ("Sexuality"). Another reason parents want to teach their children about sex education is that they feel it is up to them and no one else to teach their kids ... ...ks Cited Cooper, Carol. "What shall we tell the children?" The Lancet 356 (2008): 780. "Does Sex Education work?" AVERT 18 Nov. . Harris, Wendy. "Schools fail sex ed, new studies say Parents, students want more comprehensive; lessons even as scope of teaching has narrowed." Spokesman Review 27 Sep. 2007: A1. Jordan, Timothy R. "Rural parents' communication with their teen-agers about sexual issues." The Journal of School Health 70 (2008): 338-344 Schemo, Diana J. "Survey Finds Parents Favor More Detailed Sex Education." The New York Times 4 Oct. 2007: A.1 Sexuality Education is the Schools: Issues and Answers." SIECUS Report 27 (2007) Web. 19 Nov. 2008 http://www.siecus.org/pubs/fact/fact/0007.html. Ubell, E. "Sex-education programs that work-and some that don't." Parade Magazine 12 Feb. 2007: 18-20.

the civil War :: essays research papers

The civil war a war between the Northern states of our countryand the Southern states, started in April of 1861 and lasted until April of 1865, however the problems that started the war started amny years before that. The Northern part of the U.S became industrialized. That means built large factories and manufactured things like iron products and textiles or fabric. Northern states needed people to work in their factories and most of them came as immigrants from Europe. Nothern States were covered with forests, had very cold winters and rocky soil that was hard to farm so most farms there were small. In the North Many ppl lived in cities. The Southern states became agrarian. That means, that , beacuse the fertile soil in South and warm, mild climate there, people were able to grow grops on farms. Some farms people worked to do all teh jobs that took care of needs of people on the plantation. Most platations in teh South grew rice, indigo, sugarcae, tobacco, and cotton. There was conflict between the north and south because of slave labor. Both the north and the south wated the US government to spend money to imporve things like roads and build railroads in their states. Because the House of Rep. and the senate make the loaws of our country thast decide how maney from the government would be spent, it became very important whether the new states entering the union were slave states. Thats when he Missouri compromis came into effect. Southerners and notherners became more and mroe angry about slavery and how gov. maoney was being spent, ppl starting fighting int he states over these issues. Wehn Missouri wanted to join the union as a slave state, for example, the northern states insisted that a free state had to join at the same time. The state was maine and when the 2 states joined it was called the Missouri Compromise the Civil War Starts when a violent event took place t harper's Ferry, Virginia when a man named John Brown and his firneds took over a building full of guns that belonged to the US army. Jhohn Brown's plan was to give the rifles to slaes so they could start a revolution and win their freedom. Instead, the army surrounded the building where John Brown, 2 of his sons and 19 friends were and shot almost all of them.

Magical Realism as Applied to the Field of Psychology Essay -- Magical

Magical Realism as Applied to the Field of Psychology Throughout time, one finds many different categories of literature. Magical Realism, a relatively new category, seems to be one of, if not the most, controversial category of the last century. Magical Realism combines a magical, often grotesque, element with a reality based background and allows the reader to view life in a more profound way. The field of psychology, specifically the case of the Wild Child known as Genie, parallels very closely with the ideals of Magical Realism. Magical Realism may combine two worlds or realms, allowing the reader to see beyond his or her own world. This merging of two realms is a characteristic common to Magical Realism (Faris 172). The two worlds may be fantastic, sublime, or even realistic. Genie, the Wild Child discovered in 1970, somehow managed to survive for thirteen years even though she was imprisoned in a solitary room by her own father. She was never loved, never spoken to, and was left strapped to a potty chair day after day. When she was not forgotten altogether, she was s...

Analyse the sun’s newspaper leading article Essay

The Sun is a tabloid newspaper, which is generally short and easy to read. The word â€Å"spirit† adds evidence that The Sun targets a simple audience, which don’t have to be highly educated. The Sun is aimed at the middle class market (red top). As well as being strictly right-wing politics, the paper also has an untrustworthy reputation, they can also have tendency to exaggerate the truth and even print lies. Papers often exaggerate to make the situation sound more devastating and to have a more dramatic effect on the reader. The Sun gives a graphical view into what happened on September the 11th. The article on the 12th September 2001 is presented quite visually. The paper uses headlines to attract the reader’s attention and to summarise the facts of the article. The main title for the article is â€Å"The Sun Says†. The title is printed in large capital letters, is bold and has white letters printed on a black background. White letters on a black background are used to focus people attention on the title. Bold text is also used to make certain text stand out from the rest. The heading is to summarise the article, which is what â€Å"The sun says†¦ † This short unfinished sentence makes the reader want read on and this creates suspense as well as getting reader interest. This heading is also influencing the reader’s point of view. The main Sub heading is â€Å"All the world must unite to defeat these evil cowards. † This heading is printed in large letters, is bold, underlined, has white letters on a black background and in the centre of the article. The heading is in the centre of the article this is to break up the text and grab people’s attention. The heading is used to give a message, which in this case is everyone, must join together to find out who committed this unprovoked attack. This heading is also exaggerated to creating drama and excitement to stimulate the interest of the reader. Below the sub heading in a picture of some of the people caught up in the accident. This is eye catching and is reinforcing what is being said in the text. The picture is followed by the caption â€Å"Terror victims†¦. New York workers flee the devastation covered in dust yesterday† This caption is to get a certain response from the reader. The writer varies the sentence lengths to make short sentences punchy and hard-hitting on the audience. This simple short sentences â€Å"They must† is the first sentence of the article after the subheading. Short sentences are to emphasise a certain point. The point for this sentence is really the answer to the sub heading before it. This has a dramatic effect on its audience to unite in the â€Å"wake of yesterday’s horrors. † An additional short sentence is â€Å"Not after yesterday. † This is due to the amount of lives that were lost and threat of another attack. This is playing on the audience’s emotions. The writer uses a variety of techniques to help write a powerful article. Emotive language is used to provoke a certain response this can be demonstrated by the phrase â€Å"But the world will never be the same again. † This phrase is used to provoke an emotional response from the audience because the towers will never be rebuilt or be the same again. In order to create emotions, The Sun had to be biased and argue their point in order to get a certain emotion, among the audience. The writer uses the single word â€Å"exactly† which is written in Italic writing. This is to emphasise the word and make it stand out from the rest of the paragraph. The word is also to persuade the audience to adopt their point of view. Bold text stand is used several times throughout the article. Various examples of the bold text are â€Å"It is our duty to support them, both morally and – if necessary – practically† and â€Å"They must be hunted down and killed. † These quote are both subtitles. These subtitles are bold to catch the reader’s attention and make you want to read more. The bold also makes the text stand out from the rest of the paragraph. Both of these sentences give the read a feeling that if there is a war then we should back America. A rhetorical question is often asked for effect, this is to get a reader interested in what is happening. â€Å"Were his words treated as bravado rather that a dire threat? By asking a question the reader is leaving the answer up to the readers imagination and for them to draw their own opinion. In addition, the writer also uses questions from famous people in order to support their view. By quoting the prime minister the writer helps to support this view and it gets the paper politically involved. Tony Blair quoted, â€Å"The terrorists were in human† Journalists often exaggerate the truth to have a greater impact on the reader. For example â€Å"The world will NEVER be the same again. † By exaggerating the story the writer is trying to create a more devastating story. By developing and twisting the story the writer is assuming what has happened, but can’t prove what actually took place. This is called suppression and is created by saying an example of this is â€Å"If they had a nuclear bomb, they would use it. † Exaggeration is also being used to influence the reader’s point of view like in the phrase describing the disaster similar to â€Å"Armageddon, Death Wish and the Towering Inferno. † Writers some times use rhyming phrases in order to create phrases or slogans to keep the suspense of the article. Examples of rhyming phrases in the article include â€Å"George W. Bush will not shirk from using might in the cause of right. † And â€Å"we have won before. We will win again. † By playing on words, using Rhyming phrases and repetition the writer is focusing on a certain point or word. In this case the word is â€Å"we† which is at the end of the article to get across the point that â€Å"we can win†. The Language used in the Sun is informative, angry and sad. The language is a key tool in making a newspaper as affective as possible as it keeps the audience interested. A great example of this is the phrase â€Å"New York workers flee the devastation of yesterday. † This example of sad language is to provoke angry response from the audience. The language is also dramatic an example of this is â€Å"he must be bold†. This is to provoke the response that George Bush must be brave and daring. At the time of the disaster I was at school so I didn’t find out until I got home. When I saw the pictures on the television I felt a great lose for the families and could not belief something like this could happen, it affects everyone. The bottom lines of the article are trying to get people to unite and get everyone to â€Å"pray for America and for us all. † This powerful phrase is supposed to have a lasting affect on the reader and to influence their opinion. The leading article is a story expressing the newspaper’s point of view they are normally hard hitting, powerful and personnel. Some times they are actually written by the editor and they are much more opinionated than other reports. This type newspaper tries to make up people’s minds for them as it is mainly biased.

Getting Emotional Essay Essay

There was a time that I had a conversation with a friend who is a foreigner and knew very little about the cultures in the United States. He was basically biased against the black race or the African-American races and spoke about them in a very discriminating manner. He believed that the black race in America is mostly composed of thugs and criminals who are dirty and cannot live the way most white Americans do. Although I didn’t exactly argue with him, I still did to change his beliefs and perceptions on the black race and fortunately, I succeeded. I first started out by telling him the harsh realities that most of the people from this race used to face and are still facing today such as discrimination at work, education, and employment among others. I also pointed out that there are a lot of stories published in major newspapers that show that discrimination against people from other races and cultures are still present today. I shared with him stories of an outstanding student from a public high school who was allegedly not given a scholarship simply because he is black. I also told him of certain cases wherein workers are not given the bonuses and benefits that are due to them because they belong to the black race. In short, I first tried to make him sympathize with the plight of the black race and I believe I was successful in doing so. Moreover, I also told him that since he is an Asian, he too, can also be discriminated against. More importantly, I emphasized to him that these black people are also human beings just like everybody else and therefore, they should be treated the same way white Americans are treated. After our conversation, my friend agreed me with and told me that he would be careful with his perceptions about the black race from now on. Based on my â€Å"persuasive† methods, it can be deduced that the most effective way to convince people or audiences to change their stand or views on a certain issue is to tell them real life stories that they can relate with. These true to life stories can represent the essence of one’s arguments and make one’s claims more credible.

Operations Strategy of Asa Essay

The mission of ASA, Inc. is to provide students with a more convenient option for food, a reasonably price of the food and delivery services. It would seem to be encouraging students to use the on campus food service as opposed to off campus foods. This mission was seen as a plan to keep business on campus. ASA’s competitive advantage is the location, more than half of the students will still be eating at the ASA facilities. ASA is a specialized food-services operator for university and college, through the surveys to determine customer needs and the market trends. ASA’s core competencies are location of facilities, they could provide a good product quicker and more conveniently than off campus competitors. For example, the pizza service, ASA can provide delivery service quicker and at a lower cost. Initially, Renee Kershaw chooses to use her pizza operations to compete with off campus eateries base on delivery service and price. The pizza is delivering by the bicycle on-campus. Students would have not only greater variety but also the convenience of having food delivered quickly to their rooms. Kershaw limited the combinations of toppings available to keep costs down and provide fast delivery. Her competitive priorities were delivery speed and price. The on-campus location and limited combinations of toppings make these priorities possible. The new food court located on-campus, have the same advantage as ASA. The direct competitor, Pizza Hut was providing a limited selection of pizzas on a â€Å"walk-up-and-order† basis. Most likely they can also provide product at similar prices, and offering a limited menu. But Pizza Hut has the brand names. However, ASA still maintains its delivery advantage. The new competitive priorities might focus on expending product variety and provide good quality, because the grill’s supervisor had told that the requests for pizza toppings and combinations not on the menu had steadily increased, it show that a customer interest in variety. An increased in product variety will affect both service and cost. The capacities of existing equipment and space allocated for making and cooking pizzas now were insufficient to meet demand. Kershaw will need to add capacity and to hire additional workers to maintain service.

Analysis of Family Guy Essay

Back in the eighth grade at the Pierce elementary school, a few of my friends and I sat around the circular lunch room tables, the same ones where we sat every day of the year. Our discussion shifted to our favorite TV. shows. At the time, I was a big Simpsons fan and I didn’t really watch too many other shows regularly. We would go around blurting out funny lines and quotes from our favorite episodes or recall hilarious incidents. This was when two of my friends were talking about this show Family Guy. Even though I had never seen it, I could tell from their impersonations that it was a funny show. It had the same general theme as The Simpson, but had even crazier and funnier plots and adventures. When I finally saw my first episode in ninth grade, it was an instant classic in my list of favorite shows. From then on I would watch it as mush as it was on and I even got a collection of DVD’s which I watch regularly. This show goes into the life of an average family in Rhode Island. The characters include a mother and father, three children including two awkward and socially challenged teenagers and a talking baby, as well as the talking family dog. It makes fun of things we do every day that may not seem stupid, but really they are unnecessary and pointless. This show is filled with hilarious flash backs to past events, and includes lots of sarcasm as well as some dumb comments and actions by the unintelligent father, Peter. One of my favorite episodes is â€Å"Pre-Retarded†, where Peter finds out he’s retarded and goes around doing stupid, but hilarious things. He wins a game of Trivial Pursuit because his wife gave him ridiculously easy questions from the children’s version including â€Å"What color are fire trucks?† Peter struggles, but eventually gets it right and wins the game, convincing himself that he’s a genius. When he takes the test, he finds out that not only is he not a genius, he’s actually mentally retarded so he bulldozes the house in celebration. This episode is similar, but better than the rest of the episodes, because the plot is typical, but it is filled with more funny comments and random instances. Although this show may seem just like a basic comedy, meant to entertain children, it is really targeted at teens and young adults. The comedy makes fun of other stereotypes and gets away with things that may be considered racist, sexist, anti-Semitic, and homophobic. It portrays these groups of people in the way they are supposed to be seen in society, but shows that the stereotypes aren’t true, by making the stereotypes seem stupid and exaggerated. In another episode when they are trying to get away from a bunch of southerners, the dog, Brian screams â€Å"Look, it’s a newly-married, interracial, gay couple burning the American flag†. It shows how ridiculous they look when they all scream, â€Å"Oh let’s get’em!†, and this way it makes fun of the stereotypes against southerners, and the group of people described in his remark, because the people would never actually do this. The reason I like Family Guy is because it is really one of the funniest, and most genius shows on television. The writers of the show are very intelligent, and smart about what they write. Although this show is hilariously funny, that is just one of its good qualities. It also sends an important ideas about how people are supposed to be seen, and tells us that stereotypes aren’t always true. It makes fun of average things and has long awkward pauses to show how funny our daily routines can be. Although this show may be offensive to some, I believe it is all in good humor. I am Jewish and in some episodes they do make fun of Jews reinforcing the stereotypes, that all Jews are rich accountants, lawyers, or doctors. This is just to make a point, and the writers do not really believe the things they show, because they exaggerate the stereotypes to make them look silly. In a way, this show is a lot like me. On the outside I really enjoy comedies, and basic entertainment that I can laugh about. There are also real issues that are important to me, and other things in my life that I care about besides just humor. This show is very provocative, but I believe it to be very funny as well as important, even if others may not share these same views. This program shows that I am a caring person and I am aware of the realities in life. Like Family Guy, I may be funny and joking on the outside, but we both go deeper on the inside.